Financial Services
Caselet 1
Sunlight Industries Ltd manages its accounts receivables internally by its sales and credit department. The cost of sales ledger administration stands at Rs 9 crores annually. It supplies chemicals to heavy industries. These chemicals are used as raw material for further use of is directly sold to industrial units for consumption. There is good demand for both the types of uses. For the direct consumers, the company has a credit policy of 2/10, net 30. Past experience of the company has been that on average 40 per cent of the customers avail of the discount while the balance of the receivables are collected on average 75 days after the invoice date. Sunlight Industries also has small dealer networks that sell the chemicals. Bad debts of the company are currently 1.5 per cent of total sales.
Sunlight Industries finances its investment in debtors through a mix of bank credit and own longterm funds in the ratio of 60:40. The current cost of bank credit and long-term funds are 12 per cent and 15 per cent respectively.
There has been a consistent rise in the sales of the company due to its proactive measures in cost reduction and maintaining good relations with dealers and customers. The projected sales for the next year are Rs 800 crore, up 15 per cent from last year. Gross profiles have been maintained at a healthy 22 per cent over the years and are expected to continue in future.
With escalating cost associated with the in-house management of debtors coupled with the need to unburden the management with the task so as to focus on sales promotion, the CEO of Sunlight Industries is examining the possibility of outsourcing its factoring service for managing its receivables. He assigns the responsibility of Anita Guha, the CFO of Sunlight. Two proposals, the details of which are given below, are available for Anita’s consideration.
Proposal from Canbank Factors Ltd: The main elements of the proposal are: (i) Guaranteed payment within 30 days (i) Advance, 88 per cent and 84 per cent for the resource and non-recourse arrangements respectively (iii) discount charge in advance, 21 per cent for with resource and 22 per cent without resource (iv) Commission, 4.5 per cent without resources 2.5 per cent and with resource.
Proposal from Indbank Factors: (i) Guaranteed payment within 30 days (ii) Advance, 84 per cent with resource and 80 per cent without resource (iii) Discount charge upfront, without resource 21 per cent and with resource, 20 per cent and (iv) Commission upfront, without resource 3.6 per cent and with resource 1.8 per cent.
The opinion of the Chief Marketing Manager is that in the context of the factoring arrangement, his staff would be able to exclusively focus on sales promotion which would result in additional sales of Rs 75 crores.
Question:
1. The CFO of Sunlight Industries seeks your advice as a financial consultant on the alternative
proposals. What advice would you give? Why? Calculations can be up to one digit only.
Caselet 2
Following are the financial statements for A Ltd and T Ltd for the current financial year. Both firms
operate in the same industry.
BALANCE SHEETS
Particulars Firm A Firm B
Total current assets Rs 14,00,000 Rs 10,00,000
Total fixed assets (net) 10,00,000 5,00,000
_____________ __________
Total assets 24,00,000 15,00,000
_____________ ___________
Equity capital (of Rs 10 each) 10,00,000 8,00,000
Retained earnings 2,00,000 _
14% Long-term debt 5,00,000 3,00,000
Total current liabilities 7,00,000 4,00,000
_____________ ___________
24,00,000 15,00,000
INCOME STATEMENTS
Net sales Rs. 34,50,000 Rs 17,00,000
Cost of goods sold 27,60,000 13,60,000
__________ ___________
Gross profit 6,90,000 3,40,000
Operating expenses 2,96,923 1,45,692
Interest 70,000 42,000
__________ ___________
Earnings before taxes (EBT) 3,23,077 1,52,308
Taxes (0.35) 1,13,077 53,308
Earnings after taxes (EAT) 2,10,000 99,000
Additional information: __________________________________
Number of equity shares 1,00,000 80,000
Dividend payment (D/P) ratio 0.40 0.60
Market price per share (MPS) Rs 40 Rs 15
__________________________________
Assume that the two firms are in the process of negotiating a merger through an exchange of equity shares. You have been asked to assist in establishing equitable exchange terms, and are required to:
(i) Decompose the share prices of both the companies into EPS and P/E components, and also segregate their EPS figures into return on equity (ROE) and book value of intrinsic value per share (BVPS) components.
(ii) Estimate future EPS growth rates for each firm.
(iii)Based on expected operating synergies, A Ltd estimates that the intrinsic value of T’s equity share
would be Rs 20 per share on its acquisition. You are required to develop a range of justifiable equity
share exchange ratios that can be offered by A Ltd’s shareholders. Based on your analysis in parts (i)
and (ii), would you expect the negotiated terms to be closer to the upper, or the lower exchange ratio
limits? Why?
(iv) Calculate the post-merger EPS based on an exchange ratio of 0.4 : 1 being offered by A Ltd. Indicate
the immediate EPS accretion or dilution, if any, that will occur for each group of shareholders.
(v) Based on a 0.4 :1 exchange ratio, and assuming that A’s pre-merger P/E ratio will continue after the
merger, estimate the post-merger market price. Show the resulting accretion or dilution in pre-merger
market prices.
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Financial management case study 